Thoracic spine vertebrae of the middle portion of the spine between the cervical spine and the lumbar spine. In humans, there are twelve thoracic vertebrae and are intermediate in size between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. The waist rises towards the lumbar vertebrae and the lower vertebrae are much wider than the upper ones. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the head of the rib and transverse processes, with the exception of the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercle of the ribs. By regions and increasing size, human vertebrae are numbered T1 to T12, the first (T1) is closer to the scalp and the other goes down the spine in the lumbar region. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay. These are the common features of the second through eighth vertebra. The first and ninth to twelfth vertebrates contain certain characteristics and are described below. The bodies in the middle of the chest are heart-shaped and wide in the pre-posterior direction, as well as in the transverse direction. At the ends of the thoracic region, they resemble those of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. It is a little thicker than the front, leveled from top to bottom, protruding from the front, deeply hollow at the back and slightly curved to the sides and front. They have two facets on either side, one above the root of the pedicle and the other near the front of the lower spine. are covered with cartilage in the fresh state and when the vertebrates are connected to each other, they form with the fibrocartilage oval surfaces meshing with each other for the articulation of the heads of the ribs. The processes are directed posteriorly and slightly upwards and the lower spines are large and deeper than any other area of ​​the spine. The blades are wide, thick and toothed. subterranean vertebrates such as tiles and connect to benches to surround and defend the spinal cord. The intervertebral foremen are small and round, two in number at each level, one for the right nerve root and one for the left nerve root. The shape of the spine is such that there is a large opening behind the spine, also known as the spinal canal. It contains and protects the spinal cord of the thorax. The spinous process is long, triangular in the coronal plane, directed downward obliquely from the lamina and ending at the end of the tubercle. These processes overlap from fifth to eighth but are less inclined in the upper and lower directions. The superior articular processes are a thin bony process that extends upward from the intersections of the pedicle and lamina. their facet joints are noticeably flat and are directed backwards, sideways and upwards. Keep in mind: this is just a sample. Get a personalized paper now from our expert writers. Get a Custom Essay The lower hinge processes are completely fused with the blade, but slightly above their lower borders. their facets are forward and a little up and down. The transverse processes are the result of the arc located behind the superior articular processes and pedicles. They are thick, strong and long, running from front to back, each ending in a clubbed end with a slightly concave surface for a pivotal connection with the costal tubercle. The respiratory systems of different categories of animals present certain.