Jamaica is one of the three northern Caribbean islands forming the Greater Antilles. It is the largest English-speaking country in the Caribbean Sea and stretches 146 miles from east to west. The country's name is derived from an Aarawak word "Xaymaca", meaning "land of wood and water". Jamaica has one of the richest and most varied landscapes in the region. The center of the island is mainly mountainous and heavily forested, scattered occasionally. with small mining towns and villages, while the land lies low along the coast, offering some of the most beautiful beaches in the world. Although many people consider Jamaica to be a predominantly black nation of predominantly black ancestry, the truth is that Jamaica is in fact a cultural mosaic society. Jamaica has a very diverse past and its national motto, "Among many, one people", rejects the notion of black separatism and black nationalism, instead embracing the notion of diversity of peoples and cultures. began before the birth of Christ, when Indians arriving from South America were not very well prepared to absorb the impact of the Spanish under Christopher Columbus on May 4, 1494. When an English force of 5,000 invaded the island in 1655, the Spanish. offered little resistance and abandoned it within a few years as a colony. The English then ruled Jamaica continuously for over 300 years. The British had a considerable impact on the economic, political and social development of Jamaica. A significant factor in this was the slave trade, which took place not only in Africa, but also in Jamaica. The English government also played an important role in influencing Jamaica's political policy. Before Jamaica was conquered by England, it had a military government, but England installed a civil government based on the principle of the right of the governed to have a say in the making of laws. At this time, King Windsor ended martial law and appointed a twelve-member Jamaican council. What many people don't know about Jamaica is that it has a Spanish city, which was once the capital, Sevilla la Nueva, now called New Seville. Jamaica's social and economic development began here, under Spanish rule. The first domestic animals and new plant species were brought here. In addition, the first sugar mill on the island was erected in New Seville. However, around 1534, the town was abandoned by its inhabitants due to the unsanitary environment..