INTRODUCTIONMissing teeth have traditionally been replaced by dentures that rely on the residual alveolar ridge and mucosa for support and retention. When the oral anatomy is inadequate to support the denture, surgical intervention may be necessary (preprosthetic surgery). Full denture wearers are usually able to wear an upper denture, but many have difficulty eating with a lower denture due to its mobility. Dental implants offer an alternative in many circumstances. [1,2] Implant dentistry has provided dentists with a variety of innovative products and techniques to restore teeth that otherwise would have seemed impossible to restore. Luminaires are available in a range of diameters, lengths and designs to meet a wide range of clinical applications. Additionally, education and training in implantology is easily accessible to all clinicians, even dental students. Therefore, more and more dentists are offering implants as a treatment option in their own practice.[3]Dental implant has been classified in relation to bone into:1. Subperiosteal implant.2. Transosteal implant.1. Endosteal Implant: This type is placed in the bone (alveolar or basal) of the mandible and maxilla, and only transitions to a single cortical plate. This type can be classified as root-shaped or blade-shaped.[4-7]The increased need for implant-related services results from the combined effect of a number of factors:[4]1. Age-related tooth loss.2. Anatomical condition of the edentulous ridge.3. Psychological needs of the patient.4. Reduced performance of removable prostheses.5. Increased awareness among professionals and the public of the advantages of the implant. The response of bone and soft tissue after dental implant placement is controlled by various factors.[8] The aim of...... middle of paper ...... implant therapy. A review of relevant literature. Australian Dental Journal 2011; 56:417–26.11. Levin L, Schwartz-Arad D. The effect of smoking on dental implants and related surgery. Implant Dent 2005; 14:357–63.12. Klokkevold PR, Han TJ. How do smoking, diabetes and periodontitis affect implant treatment results? Implants Int J Oral Maxillofac 2007;22(Suppl):173-202.13. Becker W, Hujoel PP, Becker BE, Willingham H. Osteoporosis and implant failure: an exploratory case-control study. Journal of Periodontology. 2000; 71:625-31.14. Sarin J, Derossi S, Akintoye S. Updates on bisphosphonates and the potential pathobiology of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Dis 2008; 14:277-285.15. Lambert PM, Morris HF, Ochi S. The influence of smoking on the 3-year clinical success of osseointegrated dental implants. Annals of periodontology. 2000; 5:79-89.