This essay will give examples and discuss factors that can affect bystander behavior in various situations. Models explaining theories will be examined along with various studies, as well as Latane and Darley's three social cognitive processes and explaining how these were put together to propose a complex cognitive model. The essay will explain the Awakening Cost reward model of Piliavin and Piliavin. After the murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964, bystander behavior was first examined by Latane and Darley in 1970. Kitty was repeatedly stabbed by a stalker in three separate attacks. During the first two attempts, voices and burning lights interrupted him and frightened him, but seeing that no one came to his aid, he turned back a third time, which resulted in his death. During the police investigation it emerged that 38 of his neighbors had separately witnessed the attack and no one had intervened or called the police. It was through the killing of Genovese kitties and early laboratory studies that led Latane and Darley to introduce the concept of the uncaring bystander. and bystander apathy and according to Latane and Darley's decision-making model, a bystander will go through a logical series of steps before actually offering help. Therefore, a negative decision at any stage will lead to non-intervention. The three social cognitive processes regarding bystander behavior by Latane and Darley that were involved in passive bystander behavior are: Diffusion of responsibility is the point where there is a tendency that the individual will assume that someone someone else has taken control of the situation when in fact no one actually does. Public inhibition is what can be seen in terms of those received for helping the victim, for example the amount of physical danger involved or the fame and monetary rewards and costs for helping increases, as does the likelihood of intervention. In conclusion, this essay has shown that the cost of helping and not helping differs depending on the type of help required, which may include the personality of the bystander, the gender of one or the other, and furthermore, the spectator-victim relationship. Helping can qualify as altruism, but only if the motive is to benefit the victim, which is an empathetic concern. All human beings are capable of altruistic acts, and according to universal selfishness, helping is always motivated by personal distress. Humans are capable of biological altruism that is triggered in emergency situations, especially when friends or loved ones are concerned..