According to the article The mechanism and effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, there is great concern about the incidence increasing C. difficile infection due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones are considered high-risk antibiotics. Normal gastrointestinal flora is believed to have a potential effect on inhibiting difficult growth and release of toxins A, B, which are often associated with severe diarrhea leading to patient mortality and other comorbidities. After the first episode, there is a high risk of relapse due to reduced serum IgG antibodies to toxin A and colonic IgA-secreting cells. Metronidazole and vancomycin are indicated for the treatment of C. difficile and two studies in animal models suggest that the use of culture-specific probiotics, such as S. boulardii, can upregulate the antitoxin an IgA secretary . According to a large study, a well-designed randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces Boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics f...