It is essential that science adopts new interdisciplinary approaches beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries to address today's sustainability challenges. This interdisciplinary study explores the alternative agricultural practices of smallholder farmers in Pernambuco practicing the agroforestry system as a model system for understanding the co-evolution of social and natural systems towards sustainability (Norgaard, 1994). The relationship of agriculture to the needs of the global food and climate crises attention to integrating food security issues into the agricultural research agenda, for example by addressing aspects of access, production and nutrition sustainable food security, and integrating natural resources and forestry into sustainable food security research (Earl, et al 2001). Agroforestry systems can be an application of integrating sustainable food production into forestry and biodiversity conservation. Mcneely and Schroth, 2006, note: “Agroforestry practices have often been shown to increase levels of wild biodiversity on agricultural lands, and it is assumed that they are also capable of playing a supporting role in biodiversity conservation. in remnants of natural habitat that are interspersed with agricultural land in tropical land use mosaics. Little research, however, has focused specifically on this last question, which is particularly relevant for species that depend on a natural habitat and require relatively large areas. Jose, 2009 confirmed the strategies provided by agroforestry for carbon sequestration, soil enrichment, and biodiversity conservation. , and improving air and water quality not only for landowners or farmers, but for society as a whole, also contributing to poverty reduction. Greater biodiversity in agricultural practices ensures...... middle of paper ......resistance, and it is necessary to combine a range of other strengthening of environmental law. And they point out that there are cases where agroforestry is practiced around forest areas, and farmers do not respect the boundaries and extend crops inside the forest and sometimes deforest. In Pernambuco, agroforestry systems are surrounded by monocultures, serving as an island of trees, the only “forest” area in the landscape. In fact, it would not be surprising if the current AFS of Pernambuco serve as genetic resources for the propagation of corridors or connections between other “forest” islands. Dewenter et al. 2007 analyzed multi-strata agroforestry systems with forest trees and planted trees and found that the total species richness of all species groups studied, except trees, was similar or even higher in agroforestry compared to quasi-primary forest sites..