-
Essay / Divine Command Theory - 787
The relationship between religion and morality has been and continues to be discussed and debated exhaustively by philosophers. One argument that seeks to resolve this issue of contention is divine command theory. In this article, I will argue that the reasoning provided by divine command theory constitutes an inadequate defense of morality's dependence on religion and religious deities, because it fails to provide a logical justification for the precepts morals of God. First, I will begin by taking a closer look at divine command theory and its implications, and then offer an explanation for its widespread appeal. Next, I will present Plato's Euthyphro, which critiques the divine command theory's definition of morality, and his famous dilemma, which poses two possible explanations for the correlation between God's command and morality. Subsequently, I will explore Rachels' argument in Elements of Moral Philosophy, which posits that none of the alternatives proposed by Euthyphro's dilemma are acceptable because the first fails to justify God's moral judgments , implying that they are arbitrary, while the second is incompatible with religious ideology. Next, I will examine and refute a counterargument put forward by many atheists... Finally, I will conclude that because of the failure of divine command theory to prove the dependence of morality on will of God, independent moral standards do in fact exist. In order to critique Divine Command Theory, it is important to understand it first. According to this theory, morality is defined solely by God's will and no moral standard exists independently of God's will. It is simple and unambiguous; once accepted, issues such as the moral relationship...... middle of paper ......tion, and so the Divine Command Theory was found to be inadequate in this case. Moreover, accepting this alternative requires blind obedience, a condition that cannot be accepted by a critical mind. In The Euthyphro, Socrates makes a distinction between two types of love; theophiles, who "is of a nature to be loved because it is loved", and the osion, which is "loved because it is of a nature to be loved". (The Euthyphro) The first is representative of his first unsatisfactory alternative, and the second is his second; however, this too is problematic. It avoids the fatal flaw of the original alternative by proposing that accepting God's definition of morality is acceptable because God is omniscient, observes that some actions are more desirable than others, and then commands us to follow these standards for our own profit..