Ethical Principles Governing Health Care Providers:The actions of health care providers in providing patient or client care services are governed by certain ethical principles. These ethical principles also form the basis of good relationships between healthcare providers and patients. The first ethical principle is autonomy, which focuses on protecting the patient's right to make decisions and choices about care independently (Nelson, 2007, p. 30). Essentially, everyone receiving health care services should have the opportunity to make decisions about their health care. This implies that healthcare providers must ensure that patients make informed decisions by providing them with necessary information regarding their care. For example, a nurse should provide the patient with documentation of their diagnosis, likely treatment options, and best care practices and let the patient make an independent decision. The second ethical principle is confidentiality under which health care providers cannot disclose a patient's information. health care information obtained professionally without the consent of the specific patient. This is mainly because patients risk losing trust in healthcare providers if sensitive information is not protected. However, this secrecy can be ethically broken, particularly when there is a risk of harm to someone else. For example, if the patient tests positive for HIV/AIDS and wishes to hide this information from his or her spouse, the health care provider may directly or indirectly disclose the diagnosis to the spouse by warning him or her of potential harm. Third, the actions of health care providers are dictated by the ethical principle of non-malversation,...... middle of paper ......castic retorts, vandalism of personal belongings, criminal harassment, death threats , shoving in class, and throwing objects. For students, incivility manifests itself in the form of denigrating remarks, taunts and other demeaning and disrespectful behaviors. Nursing students also report that they find it uncivil that instructors are unprepared for class, cancel classes without notice, and are unavailable after class. Given that incivility in nursing education contributes to psychological and physiological distress, it is necessary to develop and adopt appropriate measures. to deal with it. Some of the factors that show the need to combat this vice include the fact that nursing is a difficult profession, which imposes difficult demands and the way in which behaviors signify values. Incivility can be combatted by committing to creating cultures of civility and moving beyond collective cynicism..