Daniel Defoe has often been considered the father of realism in relation to his novel Robinson Crusoe. In the preface to the novel, the events are described as being "just a story of facts" (Defoe and Richetti). This sets the tone for the story to be presented as fact, when in itself it is pure fiction. This is the first time that a narrative fiction novel has been written in a way that presents the story as the truth. Realistic elements and precise details are presented without precedent; the events that unfold in the novel resonate so strongly with middle-class readers that it seems as if the stories could be written about themselves. Defoe did not write his novel for scholars, he wrote it for the general public of merchants, apprentices, and tradesmen (Häusermann 439-456). Gavin argues: “During the 17th and 18th centuries, empirical philosophy recognized a perilous rupture between knowledge and knowledge. the real existence of things in the world” (Gavin 301-325). These ideas of knowledge, as well as those of the real world, were shaped by Descartes' theory that reality is perceived by the individual and is not attached to previous ideas of reality. Unlike earlier novels, realistic novels appealed to middle-class readers who wanted to read about ordinary people; they could see themselves as the main characters of the story (Mario). Under the influence of Descartes, novels and the genre of realism came together to form realistic novels. Realism is the attempt to describe all features of human life with such attention to detail that events seem as realistic as possible, as if readers could perhaps personally know the characters or even be them. Regarding Crusoe, he faces many realistic challenges... middle of paper ......nson Crusoe because they can understand the problem Crusoe faces in trying to find his place in society. Through the novel's realistic literary elements and themes of individuality, isolation, society, and contentment versus ambition, readers of Robinson Crusoe can relate to many of the experiences Crusoe faced. been confronted. The story of Crusoe represents the middle-class genre; it is the narration of middle-class life using elements of realism and important themes that reflect the problems and interests of the middle class. Crusoe represents humanity in its simplest form, he is on intermediate ground, neither higher nor lower than the others. He represents each reader who reads his story; they can replace it themselves. His actions are what every reader can imagine himself doing, thinking, feeling, or even wishing for (Coleridge and Coleridge 188-192)