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Essay / Essay on Functionalism and Religion - 1620
For example, if a person goes against an established social norm created by biblical teaching, such as adultery or theft, they will have a conscience guilty of doing something morally wrong. It is a powerful socializing and controlling influence on individuals within society. Parsons also asserts that religion is a source of meaning and purpose in people's lives and can also provide an "adjustment mechanism" which is the means of emotional adjustment in times of various crises that arise in life and which can help people return to a sense of normalcy. and strengthen social bonds within society, as Malinowski also suggested. However, it can be argued that religion is not the most important factor in controlling and regulating people's behavior, as elements such as the idea of punishment and law enforcement may have more influence, particularly in an era of increasing secularization. Although the Bible instills a strong moral code to live by in society, many people within the population continue to commit things like adultery and working on the Sabbath, both of which are part of the 10 commandments and are considered a sin. Postmodernists also make the argument that the society we live in today is multi-faith and therefore has a range of core values and no single moral code, which rejects Parson's theory as invalid in contemporary society. Also opposed to Parson's theory is the feminist argument that the regulation of people's behavior by religion is very unequal, with women facing oppression from powerful male figures in religion. An example of this is how Muslim women are forced to wear hijab in the name of religion. In opposition to this, it can be argued that the hijab is worn to protect women from the "male gaze" in patriarchal societies, such that they are seen as more than just their accessory.