Nephrolithiasis is a condition in which stones or crystals, called calculi, form in the renal pelvis or tubular lumen of individuals[1]. Internationally, nephrolithiasis is present in all regions of the world and its prevalence is increasing year by year[2], with a recurrence rate of up to 50% in 5 years and 70% or more in 10 years[ 3].My father, aged 52. , was diagnosed with nephrolithiasis at the age of 37. Later, he underwent his first laser ureteroscopy operation to remove the stone, in which it was a calcium stone measuring approximately two centimeters. After the operation, he had to undergo routine follow-up care every six to 12 months and follow the dietary treatment recommended by his doctor. 4 years later, he developed symptoms of acute renal colic. After several laboratory tests and imaging studies, he was confirmed to have recurrent nephrolithiasis and underwent surgery with an endoscope to remove the stone blockage. Nephrolithiasis has a huge impact on the patient, due to pain and discomfort. My father described acute renal colic as “the most painful event of his entire life, worse than surgery.” The increased financial burden can also be seen in terms of medications and surgeries, which some cannot afford. Therefore, better prophylactic treatment should be evaluated before giving people hope. Currently, the standard preventive treatment is dietary therapy. In which it includes high water consumption to increase urine output, with a goal of 2 to 2.5 liters of total urine volume in 24 hours. Additionally, low dietary intake of salt and soft drinks, as well as high dietary intake of citrus fruits[4]. Alternatively, further research has shown that pharmacological treatment such as diuretic-like agents and alkaline citrate could be...... middle of paper ...... and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Clinical Urology, 2011. 37(5): p. 6.13. Robinson, MR, et al., Impact of long-term potassium citrate treatment on urinary profiles and recurrent stone formation. The Journal of Urology, 2009. 181: p. 6.14. Parmar, MS, kidney stones. BMJ, 2004. 328(4): p. 5.15. Borghi, L. et al., Prospective randomized study of a non-thiazide diuretic, indapamide, in the prevention of recurrence of calcium stones. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 1993. 22: p. S78-86.16. ALONSO, D., et al., Effects of short- and long-term indapamide treatments on urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium oxalate dihydrate urinary stones: a pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, 2012. 46: p. 5.17. Hall, PM, Nephrolithiasis: Treatment, causes and prevention. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 2009. 76(10): p. 583-591.