Human rights are the innate and universal rights of every human being, regardless of religion, class, gender, culture, age , capabilities or nationality, which guarantee fundamental freedom and dignity. In order to live a life of self-respect and dignity, basic human rights are necessary. “Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property , birth or other situation. Furthermore, no distinction will be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether independent, under trusteeship, non-self-governing or subject to any other limitation of sovereignty. (Article 2, Declaration of Human Rights, )Human rights have developed as a concept throughout human history. Human rights have been present in several countries throughout history, including in ancient Greece as natural law, in 1689 in the English Bill of Rights, in 1776 in the American Declaration of Independence, and in 1788 in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of the French Revolution. Only recently, in 1948, was the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights created as an international concept in response to Hitler's genocide of European Jews. Overall, Australia's human rights record is high, but it is marred by some human rights violations. . Australia has freedom of speech, a corruption-free legal system, legal protection against discrimination, access to secondary education, the right to vote in elections, access to clean drinking water, protection of privacy, freedom...... middle of paper .. ....raliens, etc.Health is a major issue in Aboriginal Australian society, Indigenous Australians receive high levels of health care lower than those of the mainstream Australian population. Life expectancy for Indigenous men in 2003 was 59.4 years and for women 64.8 years, meaning an Indigenous Australian citizen will live on average 17 years less than a non-Indigenous Australian. From 2001 to 2005, Aboriginal child deaths accounted for 6.4% of total Aboriginal male deaths and 5.7% of total Aboriginal female deaths. While only 0.9% and 0.8% for total non-indigenous deaths. (A Statistical Overview of Australia's Indigenous Peoples, <http://www.hreoc.gov.au/social_justice/statistics/index.html>) In Australian Indigenous communities, low birth weight infants and mortality infant are much more common than in other countries. -Australian Indigenous Communities.