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  • Essay / Framework for Explaining Memory - 1121

    IntroductionIn 1972, Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart developed a framework for explaining memory. This framework suggests that memory is not a conscious action, but the way information is processed, which is why we remember information that we do not intend to remember (Craik and Lockhart, 2008) . Craik and Lockhart proposed that there are two levels of processing, namely: superficial and deep processing. Surface processing requires little attention to meaning, while deep processing requires close attention (Goldstein, 2008). Both processes depend on the depth of treatment distinguishing between the two. Surface processing takes two forms: structural processing which is appearance and phonemic processing which is sound and the process of both involves only maintenance rehearsal (McLeod, 2007). In a way, superficial processing is like teaching a child about animals and the sounds they make. First, you teach the child how to identify the animal, then you teach them the sound the animal makes. Deep processing involves semantic processing, that is, when we can relate a certain word to a similar word and similar meaning, and the process involves elaboration repetition which has meaningful analysis and we can recall better information (McLeod, 2007). In other words, deep processing is like a synonym, a word that has almost the same meaning as another word. MethodA total of 4 participants took part in this study. We have all had this experience on Coglab (Francis & Neath, 2007). We logged into Coglab and clicked on the tab at the top that says labs. After clicking on Labs, we clicked on Treatment Levels and read the experiment instructions. The instructions let us know that there would...... middle of paper ......singing. You would think it would be the opposite to think that the recall time of shallow processing is faster than deep processing, but it shows how amazing the brain is and there are endless possibilities to learn more about him. References Craik, FM and Lockhart, RS (2008). Levels of processing and Zinchenko's approach to memory research. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 46 (6), 52-60. doi: 10.2753/RPO 1061-0405460605Francis, G. and Neath, I. (2011). CogLab online version 2.0. (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thompson/Wadsworth Learning. Goldstein, E.B. (2011). Cognitive Psychology: Connecting the Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning. McLeod, S.A. (2007). Processing levels. Accessed March 8, 2014 http://www.simplypsychology.org/levelsofprocessing.html