Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as brain injury resulting from open or closed head trauma, where the former refers to a penetrating injury often caused by blows from fire, while the second refers to trauma resulting from head trauma. an injury caused by a blunt object. Some of the general causes of traumatic brain injury include motor vehicle accidents, explosions such as those suffered by military personnel, concussions sustained during sports and recreational activities, and falls. Once a person suffers a head injury, they usually experience personality changes where they appear aggressive or irritable and these changes are revealed by explosive outbursts, which occur on minimal provocation or without warning. These incidences seem to increase as one becomes a danger to those around them. When a person who has suffered a head injury is incarcerated, the cognitive and behavioral tendencies related to the head injury make it difficult for them to adapt to life in prison. For this reason, rehabilitation efforts become complicated, especially since head injuries lead to habits such as drug addiction and psychiatric problems make it difficult for a prisoner to adapt to prison life and life after his conviction (Ferguson et al 11). Many prisoners who serve their sentences do so while suffering from head trauma, complicating rehabilitation efforts and their ability to function properly when they re-enter society. The Problem There are approximately two million people living in prisons in America, 25 -87% of them are estimated to have suffered a traumatic brain injury or traumatic brain injury. Additionally, women imprisoned for violent crimes are more likely to have suffered a head injury or other type of physical violence before their crime. Also, women... middle of paper ...... capacity in prison.” Department of Corrections. January 2013. The web. March 18, 2013Langlois, Jean, Wesley Rutland-Brown, Marlena Wald. The epidemiology and impact of head injuries: a brief overview. Journal of Traumatic Brain Injury and Rehabilitation. (2006). Flight. 21, no. 5, pp. 375-378. “Traumatic brain injuries in prisons: a little-recognized problem.” CDC. and Web. March 18, 2013 Ross, Michael. (2013). Health and health promotion in prisons. London: Routledge Publishers: 2008. Print. Schofield, Peter, Tony Butler, Stephanie Hollis, Nadine Smith, Stephen Lee, Wendy Kelso. (2006). Traumatic brain injury among Australian prisoners: rates, recurrence and sequelae. Brain Injury Journal. 20(5): 499–506.