The Problem of Stalking and its Influence on Relationships 2015). The problem of stalking usually arises after the victim leaves their partner. When this occurs, harassment is one of the techniques used by abusers to exert power over a previous or current partner (Hines, Malley-Morrison, & Dutton, 2013). Many view this problem as less serious compared to other crimes because they assume there is no threat to the victim. However, this is the opposite of what people think. Becoming a victim of harassment can have negative consequences on the victim's overall health, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health disorders. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an Original Essay The extent of harassment is extremely high due to the use of technology. Instead of physically following a victim, perpetrators can now go online and search their information. Additionally, the perpetrator may never have to meet the victim in person, but instead stalks them using social media such as Facebook and Instragram (Anderson, 2010). One of the current trends in stalking is that it begins when the victim breaks up with their attacker. When a victim leaves an abusive relationship, the abuser resorts to stalking because he or she may be addicted to the victim's physical, sexual, or psychological abuse (Hines et al, 2013). Abusers may use this to exert control over the victim, leading them to coerce them into returning to the relationship. Additionally, the abuser may shower them with unwanted gifts, grant them unsolicited favors, and show up uninvited. Additionally, the rate of domestic harassment is increasing due to advances in technology. According to Anderson (2011), people are more likely to be victims of cyberbullying than physical harassment. Cyberbullying is the process of stalking someone online using emails, instant messaging, and access to their personal information (Anderson, 2011). For example, many adolescents now publish their entire lives without thinking about risk factors. Those who use Facebook, Instagram and other social media are at higher risk of being victims of cyberbullying. There are many risk factors as to why someone may become a victim of stalking. For women, there are risk factors at the macrosystem and microsystem levels. Macrosystem-level risk factors include unemployment and those earning less than $7,000 per year. As a woman's income increases, the level of risk decreases (Hines et al. 2013). One of the most important risk factors at the microsystem level occurs at the end of an intimate relationship. Reasons may include the abuser's absence of the victim or the desire to assert control over the victim to force them to return to the relationship. Additionally, the bully may also have been child abuser, as characteristics of the bully include insecure attachment, abandonment and loss issues, high sensitivity to rejection, emotional instability, lack of conscientiousness and approval (Churcher and Nesca, 2013). These characteristics of the bully are strikingly similar to those of children who have been abused at ayoung age. Additionally, characteristics of women that increase the risk of harassment include those aged 18 to 29, living in privately rented housing, students, single, and poor. There are also many risk factors for male stalking in the macrosystem. , the microsystem and the exosystem level. At the macrosystem level, men who do not have a degree are at increased risk compared to those who do (Hines et al, 2013). At the microsystem level, men suffering from a limiting illness or disabled and separated from their spouse are in danger. At the exosystem level, men living in rural areas are at significant risk of being victims of harassment. One reason why living in a rural area may have a higher chance of being a victim is that the perpetrator may not be socialized compared to those living in an urban area (Hines et al., 2013) . Additionally, living in a rural area may limit the number of potential partners in the immediate area and force the abuser to coerce the victim into a relationship. Students are also at risk of becoming victims of harassment. On a microsystem level, those in a relationship dependent on love and possessiveness are more likely to be stalked (Hines et al, 2013). Additionally, domestic harassment among college students occurs earlier and those in relationships that break down repeatedly are also common (Shorey, Cornelius, and Strauss, 2015). One reason may be that the abuser assumes that they will always break up and get back together and that if he stalks the victim, they will be back together. Additionally, female students are more likely to experience harassment when they come from wealthy families, visit places that frequently serve alcohol, are international students, belong to a sorority, are a freshman year and are victims of rape or attempted rape at university. According to Hines et al. 2013, perpetrators of college domestic harassment have antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, borderline, and paranoid personality characteristics. Additionally, they have insecure attachment, use emotional and verbal abuse, have jealousy and anger issues, and need control. The criminal justice system has responded positively to combat harassment. In 1996, the United States enacted laws criminalizing stalking (Hines et al. 2013). However, many law enforcement agencies still do not know how to respond to harasser complaints, nor do they have policies or staff who know how to handle them. Furthermore, the legal definition of harassment and cyberstalking still differs between jurisdictions (Anderson, 2011). For example, if a perpetrator is arrested in one county for one type of harassment, another perpetrator cannot be arrested in another county for the same type of harassment. Additionally, the criminal justice system does not take relational harassment seriously despite the damage it can cause to the victim. For example, if a male victim reported intimate partner stalking, law enforcement officers were less likely to report, arrest, detain, or refer the perpetrator to law enforcement. victim support services (Campbell and Moore, 2011). They were also less likely to receive a restraining or protection order. Additionally, many male victims are hesitant to report that they are victims of domestic harassment due to the stigma that they are "macho" and will not be taken seriously. Politics..

Essay / The Problem of Stalking and its Influence on Relationships 2015). The problem of stalking usually arises after the victim leaves their partner. When this occurs, harassment is one of the techniques used by abusers to exert power over a previous or current partner (Hines, Malley-Morrison, & Dutton, 2013). Many view this problem as less serious compared to other crimes because they assume there is no threat to the victim. However, this is the opposite of what people think. Becoming a victim of harassment can have negative consequences on the victim's overall health, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health disorders. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an Original Essay The extent of harassment is extremely high due to the use of technology. Instead of physically following a victim, perpetrators can now go online and search their information. Additionally, the perpetrator may never have to meet the victim in person, but instead stalks them using social media such as Facebook and Instragram (Anderson, 2010). One of the current trends in stalking is that it begins when the victim breaks up with their attacker. When a victim leaves an abusive relationship, the abuser resorts to stalking because he or she may be addicted to the victim's physical, sexual, or psychological abuse (Hines et al, 2013). Abusers may use this to exert control over the victim, leading them to coerce them into returning to the relationship. Additionally, the abuser may shower them with unwanted gifts, grant them unsolicited favors, and show up uninvited. Additionally, the rate of domestic harassment is increasing due to advances in technology. According to Anderson (2011), people are more likely to be victims of cyberbullying than physical harassment. Cyberbullying is the process of stalking someone online using emails, instant messaging, and access to their personal information (Anderson, 2011). For example, many adolescents now publish their entire lives without thinking about risk factors. Those who use Facebook, Instagram and other social media are at higher risk of being victims of cyberbullying. There are many risk factors as to why someone may become a victim of stalking. For women, there are risk factors at the macrosystem and microsystem levels. Macrosystem-level risk factors include unemployment and those earning less than $7,000 per year. As a woman's income increases, the level of risk decreases (Hines et al. 2013). One of the most important risk factors at the microsystem level occurs at the end of an intimate relationship. Reasons may include the abuser's absence of the victim or the desire to assert control over the victim to force them to return to the relationship. Additionally, the bully may also have been child abuser, as characteristics of the bully include insecure attachment, abandonment and loss issues, high sensitivity to rejection, emotional instability, lack of conscientiousness and approval (Churcher and Nesca, 2013). These characteristics of the bully are strikingly similar to those of children who have been abused at ayoung age. Additionally, characteristics of women that increase the risk of harassment include those aged 18 to 29, living in privately rented housing, students, single, and poor. There are also many risk factors for male stalking in the macrosystem. , the microsystem and the exosystem level. At the macrosystem level, men who do not have a degree are at increased risk compared to those who do (Hines et al, 2013). At the microsystem level, men suffering from a limiting illness or disabled and separated from their spouse are in danger. At the exosystem level, men living in rural areas are at significant risk of being victims of harassment. One reason why living in a rural area may have a higher chance of being a victim is that the perpetrator may not be socialized compared to those living in an urban area (Hines et al., 2013) . Additionally, living in a rural area may limit the number of potential partners in the immediate area and force the abuser to coerce the victim into a relationship. Students are also at risk of becoming victims of harassment. On a microsystem level, those in a relationship dependent on love and possessiveness are more likely to be stalked (Hines et al, 2013). Additionally, domestic harassment among college students occurs earlier and those in relationships that break down repeatedly are also common (Shorey, Cornelius, and Strauss, 2015). One reason may be that the abuser assumes that they will always break up and get back together and that if he stalks the victim, they will be back together. Additionally, female students are more likely to experience harassment when they come from wealthy families, visit places that frequently serve alcohol, are international students, belong to a sorority, are a freshman year and are victims of rape or attempted rape at university. According to Hines et al. 2013, perpetrators of college domestic harassment have antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, borderline, and paranoid personality characteristics. Additionally, they have insecure attachment, use emotional and verbal abuse, have jealousy and anger issues, and need control. The criminal justice system has responded positively to combat harassment. In 1996, the United States enacted laws criminalizing stalking (Hines et al. 2013). However, many law enforcement agencies still do not know how to respond to harasser complaints, nor do they have policies or staff who know how to handle them. Furthermore, the legal definition of harassment and cyberstalking still differs between jurisdictions (Anderson, 2011). For example, if a perpetrator is arrested in one county for one type of harassment, another perpetrator cannot be arrested in another county for the same type of harassment. Additionally, the criminal justice system does not take relational harassment seriously despite the damage it can cause to the victim. For example, if a male victim reported intimate partner stalking, law enforcement officers were less likely to report, arrest, detain, or refer the perpetrator to law enforcement. victim support services (Campbell and Moore, 2011). They were also less likely to receive a restraining or protection order. Additionally, many male victims are hesitant to report that they are victims of domestic harassment due to the stigma that they are "macho" and will not be taken seriously. Politics..

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