The prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide has shown a pronounced increase in recent years. According to reports from the International Diabetes Federation, in 2015, more than 400 million people were living with diabetes. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also reports that approximately 90 to 95 percent of all diagnosed cases of diabetes in adults are type 2. The prevalence of diabetes for all age groups worldwide has was estimated at 2.8 percent in 2000 and is predicted Diabetes is now considered the leading cause of newly diagnosed blindness in adults, and the WHO predicts that death rates from diabetes will double by 2030. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay The importance of vascular variations from the norm as well as neuronal abnormalities in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has recently been indicated. Several studies have demonstrated that neuronal degeneration in diabetic retinopathy is likely to affect mitochondrial- and caspase-dependent cell death pathways, and that some neurotrophic components can obstruct neuronal cell passage initiated by diabetic stress. Diabetes mellitus most commonly causes ocular complications in the retina, in the form of diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein and artery occlusions, but can also cause others such as anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and cataracts. However, little attention has been paid to its effect on the cornea, as it is a less common complication. Nevertheless, it is one of the effects that needs to be studied due to its pronounced effect on vision and its difficulty in managing. Neural irregularities are known to specifically influence visual ability in patients with diabetic retinopathy, but they may also underlie the corneal changes in diabetic keratopathy. Several processes explain its effect; Diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy is part of systemic diabetic polyneuropathy. Another reason is that when treating proliferative diabetic retinopathy, whether surgical or medical, disruptions can occur. This is due to endothelial decompensation and bullous keratopathy resulting from damage to diabetic endothelial cells. Complications of diabetes are related to the degree of control and duration of the disease. Anterior segment signs in eyes with diabetic keratopathy are more difficult to identify than those in the posterior segment. Although the cornea may be unharmed in diabetic patients, extreme biochemical and ultrastructural irregularities, which alter its role, may be present. Early diabetic anterior segment changes include conjunctival microaneurysms, uveal ectropion, and endothelial changes; which include folds of Descemet's film and pigment deposits in the endothelium. In 1970, Schwartz and Hynduik noted decreased corneal sensitivity in diabetic patients with sterile neurotrophic corneal ulcers. Current use of vitrectomy to treat diabetic retinopathy has revealed that these patients have problems with epithelial cell healing and stromal edema. Patients with diabetic keratopathy exhibit deficiencies in epithelial basement membrane (BM), epithelial wound healing, epithelial-stromal interactions, and endothelial function. and the functions of the corneal nerve. Corneal disorders.