Since the Pleistocene era, human societies have grown rapidly, developing innovative ways to defend their territories and migrate across the country. Made up of an aggregate of humans living together, these societies became more powerful over time by consuming more meat (megafauna). To support this development, the more mammals humans ate, the more protein their bodies would absorb. When humans consume large amounts of protein, they develop stronger muscles, which leads to boosted brain activity. To further explain, the amino acids in proteins are used to make the neurotransmitters that allow brain cells to network and communicate. Amino acids from the proteins you eat are the building blocks of your brain's network. They can excite or calm your brain as well as nourish your brain throughout its life. In addition, they allow the body's own proteins to be used to support life, especially those present in muscles. This led humans to develop intelligence and create a wide variety of tools. These tools are those that early hominids used to develop their culture into that of hunter-gatherer-fishermen, making humans a more dominant mammal within this ecosystem. Evolving rapidly throughout the late Pleistocene to early and mid-Holocene, hunter-gatherer-fisher societies hunted megafauna creatures systematically and ethically. When a species migrates to a different ecosystem, it is generally not recognized as a threat to other species. Survival, during the late Pleistocene and Holocene, was one of the most important aspects of life. Any organism, regardless of its size, living in its environment had to stay alive and reproduce. During these two eras, it appears that ... middle of paper ... val, so humans were not responsible for the deaths of these massive creatures. There are arguments for both sides, however, I found the overkill hypothesis more compelling. . Attributing an event of this magnitude to human intervention seems beyond what the evidence actually provides. Early hominids grew rapidly and were very innovative in the way they developed their culture into that of hunter-gatherer-fishermen. Being able to exploit their resources, hominids themselves became a more dominant mammal throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Works Cited Kohak, Erazim V. "Part II". The green halo: an overview of ecological ethics. Chicago, IL: Open Court, 2000. 54-102. Print.Dunn, Frederick L. “Oedemiological Factors: Health and Disease among Hunter-Gatherers.” KU Library. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1978. web. March 6. 20111.