The use of computer communications network technologies has increased incidents of computer abuse. Due to these incidents, most organizations face pressure to protect their assets. It is for this reason that considerable efforts have been made to establish new foundations for cryptographic science in the world of computer communications networks. One such effort led to the development of quantum cryptographic technology, whose security of transmissions relies on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography is considered an emerging technology in which two parties can communicate securely over a communication network applying the phenomenon of quantum physics. This essay focuses on the fundamentals of quantum cryptography and its future direction. Introduction Cryptography plays a vital role in today's computer and communications networks, protecting everything from business emails, banking transactions, and Internet purchases. In recent years, hackers have demonstrated increased technical knowledge by developing new alternatives to exploit network vulnerabilities and creating advanced software tools to automate attacks. Today, with the exponential growth of computer technology, the main concern is that many attacks involve secret unauthorized access to information. resources, and companies are often unaware of these unauthorized accesses to their data. As computing power increases and new classical computing techniques are developed, the length of time a message can be considered secure will decrease and digital keys will no longer be able to provide acceptable levels of secure communications. For this reason, for the past decades of effort has been made to establish the n...... middle of paper ...... e seen when applied to communication between two people in a place different, provided that the communication is quantum. A quantum message intercepted and read by an eavesdropper will become truncated and useless. The effect produced by measuring a quantum property is irreversible, meaning that eavesdropping cannot return a quantum message to its original state. These properties provide the power of quantum cryptography. . No amount of effort or genius can change the fact that observing a quantum property irrevocably changes the observed object. It's like if you mailed a document to a friend or relative and someone at the post office opened the package and read the document and all the letters were scrambled and the document became unreadable. Additionally, the document cannot be restored to its original state..