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Essay / Myocardial Infarction Research Paper - 719
Cardiovascular diseases have become an increasingly important problem in many countries, as they are the leading cause of death for the entire human population. According to the World Health Organization, ischemic heart disease caused the death of approximately 7 million people in 2011. One of the most common cardiovascular diseases is myocardial infarction. It is defined as the death of cardiac myocytes due to complete blockage of a coronary artery. t-PA is a thrombolytic drug used to treat myocardial infarction by dissolving the thrombus causing the occlusion. The preliminary stage of myocardial infarction is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis does not occur suddenly, it is a progressive and dynamic inflammatory disease that causes narrowing of the lumen due to the deposition of lipid and foam cells. The formation of fatty streaks; which will eventually become a plaque results in a decrease in the lumen of the vessel. The plate will become unstable, rupture, and eventually lead to plate rupture. The next stage of myocardial infarction is the formation of a thrombus. Exposure of the plaque's subendothelial matrix to blood due to superficial abrasion generates platelet activation and aggregation. Clotting factors on the platelet membrane carry out a reaction that releases prothrombin activator, this activator then converts prothrombin to the enzyme thrombin. The transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin is then catalyzed by thrombin. During proteolysis (protein breakdown), fibrinogen is converted into fibrin strands that stabilize the final blood clot. Complete occlusion of the coronary artery by a thrombus disrupts blood flow and causes ischemia due to atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary artery... middle of paper ...... restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium and improving the prognosis. In order to increase the level of fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin, plasminogen activator is administered by intravenous injection or bolus injection. t-PA should be administered within 12 hours of the onset of chest pain to reduce destruction of the damaged organ. In conclusion, although cardiovascular disease remains the major concern of many citizens, the survival rate remains high for those admitted to hospital. as well as improved medical care and emergency treatment plan. However, one should seek immediate medical attention if symptoms of myocardial infarction such as chest pain, shortness of breath and nausea occur. Prevention is better than cure, you must maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly and stop smoking in order to avoid the onset of cardiovascular diseases..