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  • Essay / Effect of List Position on Free Recall - 787

    In our daily lives, we are constantly trying to store and retrieve information in our memory. Sometimes the recovery process is quite simple, while other times it seems almost impossible. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of position in the list on free recall. The serial position effect refers to the presentation of a U-shaped pattern during a free recall task. The accuracy of item recall depends on the order in which the stimulus is presented. The serial position curve is an example of how the recency and primacy effect appears to influence recall. The primacy effect results from initial observations and it is believed that the first items on the list are retained as the second best. The recency effect results from the final observations and it is estimated that these are the elements best retained. The effect of regency and primacy supports the interference theory. This theory states that forgetting results from information interference with recall information. There are two aspects to this theory: retroactive interference and proactive interference. Retroactive interference occurs when a participant has difficulty remembering old information due to interference from newly learned information. The primacy effect is subject to retroactive interference. In contrast, proactive interference occurs when a participant has difficulty learning new information due to previously learned information. The recency effect is subject to proactive interference. Methods Once the trial begins, a string of ten letters is presented. Once the sequence of letters is presented, a keyboard containing letters appears on the right side. The participant's task is to try to recall the letters presented in any paper medium......to retrieve the cups from the drawers while memorizing the letters inside the cups. The first two experiments used direct serial recall while the third experiment used free recall. The study conducted was in contradiction with the results of the serial position curve. In this study, the recency effect was eliminated and the primacy effect was achieved. Although previous studies have been able to show that the recency effect can be eliminated if there is a sufficient amount of interference after learning, the same reasoning could not be applied in this study, because the task perception has not been achieved here any longer. These results prove that the recency effect was eliminated due to motor interference. This study suggests that demanding motor tasks affect memory due to proactive interference. Thus, serial position experiment can help us adjust our current knowledge about memory..