Social History (Vignette)Simone Harrison, a 25-year-old African-American woman, 6 months pregnant and unemployed, arrived at the women's clinic of the University Hospital in Oakland, California, for prenatal care. Ms. Harrison made the appointment because she had not been feeling well lately. During the admission process, she reveals to the nurse that this is only her second visit to the doctor since she found out she was pregnant. Ms. Harrison's records also contain information about her mental state, including that she was diagnosed with schizophrenia in 2009. Her boyfriend, the baby's father, decided he was not ready to become father and left shortly after discovering the baby's existence. Fear, abandonment, and uncertainty about the future increase stress levels, giving him auditory hallucinations. When this happens, the client, who is uninsured, self-medicates with cocaine to manage her symptoms. The nurse who works at the clinic suspects that Simone is using drugs because, according to her, "she looks like that guy." Acting out of contempt for the patient and concern for the unborn child, the nurse is prepared to have Mrs. Harrison tested, without her knowledge if necessary, to confirm her suspicions.Background of the caseDrug addiction (alcohol, tobacco and cocaine ) is accepted by the medical community as a disease. The medical model explains that excessive drug use is a symptom of this pathology. However, those in power who adhere to a conservative ideology do not accept the medical model's explanation that pregnant women would continue to use drugs, knowing the harmful effects it will have on the fetus. Historically punitive measures involving incarceration and subsequent removal from...... middle of paper ...... Substance use during pregnancy varies by race and ethnicity. Retrieved from http://www/bing.com/search?q=data +spotlight+substance+use+during+pregnancy+varies+by+race+and+ethincity&formChang, G. (nd). Alcohol screening instruments for pregnant women. Retrieved from http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-3/204-209.htmMohopatra, J.D. (2013). Freeing addiction: a public health approach to drug use during pregnancy. Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender and Society. Flight. 26(2) pp. 241-274. Paltrow, L. (1999). Punishment and prejudice: judging pregnant women who use drugs. Retrieved from http://www.advocatesforpregnantwomen.org/articles/ruddick.htmTaillac, C., Goler, N., Armstrong, MA, Haley, K., & Osejo, V. (2007). Early start: an integrated model of substance abuse intervention for pregnant women. The Permanent Journal, 11(3), 5-11.