If you're not in a high school band, you feel bad about yourself, if you can't successfully fulfill all your roles in college , then you feel inadequate and like you can't do anything. if you don't look like the model on Instagram you feel fat and ugly and if you've had a failed relationship you feel like no one can love you anymore because you're not ideal. In a study by Lewinsohn, Gotlib, and Seeley (1995), they found that negative cognitions were a specific functional risk factor for MDD. They also stated that negative cognitions are important, Beck's (1978) cognitive theory of depression and Abramson and colleagues' learned helplessness model of depression, both of which relate to MDD and how from which it develops. When it comes to Janet, the learned and helpless pattern of depression is more present. This model states that a certain person knows that he or she is powerless in certain situations and therefore avoids them. Janet feels like there's nothing she can do to get her son to go to bed, so she often gives in and lets him sleep in her bed. She learned she was helpless, so she gave in to the situation every time.