Globalization and the continued growth of relations between countries have led to an expansion and development of foreign policy. At the center of all forms of interaction between sovereign states is the set of rules and guidelines that each of these countries applies to achieve its individual objectives of national interest in the political, social and economic well-being of its citizens. As such, foreign policy continually gains prominence and importance in determining how a state develops as an actor in international affairs. Nowadays, the social and economic progress of any state depends heavily on the foreign policy it adopts in matters of trade, industry, finance, political ideology or technology. In fact, foreign policy has reached a level where it is now a key campaign issue that democracies consider "very important" when choosing a leader in their presidential campaign. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Foreign policy is an important set of adopted principles, activities and key elements developed by communities to help them adapt and survive the changing behavior of sister states. This discipline is crucial for the direction of a state in its activities within the international community. Foreign policy describes how decisions are made, the steps and approaches a nation follows to secure its individual national interests in matters related to international affairs. Foreign policy defines its goals and objectives which are of national interest to it and defines the strategies aimed at guaranteeing them through the exercise of its sovereign power. In theoretical terms, this translates the goals that a nation conceives, the interests it has and the clear line of action that the state takes to achieve these predetermined goals and, furthermore, preserve its interests in the face of emerging competitive behavior from other countries. In simple terms, foreign policy is the shield of a nation that protects its interests in all areas and aspects that craft the prosperity of a sovereign state. Foreign policy generally needs to be well thought out by the stakeholders to ensure that it helps them achieve the goals of a nation (Dr. Mohinder Kumar). Foreign policy aims to achieve objectives, update strategies or implement measures that a state takes in its relations with its international partners. It defines the approach that a state takes on various international relations issues. In particular, foreign policy is the discipline that assists a country's diplomatic envoys and its contributions with its partners. This must start with a thorough understanding of the international and domestic political context. The national environment has a huge influence on the foreign policy of a state (Foreign Policy and Democratic Politics, Kenneth Waltz) and more particularly on the political ideologies and systems of government of a country. . He compares the American presidential system and the British parliamentary system in which, he believes, the former is superior to the latter. This thesis statement was largely echoed by Waltz throughout the text which he used heavily as an instrument of justification for the books that underpin the claim that the American system is superior to the British system. The use of party discipline in the British system to control the Prime Minister minimizes his space of approachindependent and effective foreign policy. He faces the challenge of being too cautious on such issues which can threaten the cohesion of the party, which is the tool he uses to gain power and drive foreign policy towards implementation. The American presidential system has a certain degree of fluidity that grants the president the ability to manage foreign policy with a better-placed response that objectively involves Congress. He concludes that government is praised when nations are great. In comparison to the Soviet Union and the American system, the book Political Power: USA/USSR explores foreign policy using the capitalist and communist perspective. Zbigniew Brenski and Samuel Huntington closely compare and contrast the two different political ideologies of these two countries and how they influence foreign policy. Other internal factors such as civil rights, consumer demands, governance structure, and industrial policies play a major role in shaping a state's foreign policy. These two countries are used as case studies in this paper and the authors examine in detail the importance of domestic affairs in shaping a country's foreign policy. Foreign policy presents various options to a state in the different directions or approaches a country can follow. Following these options, we apply certain steps that begin with initiation. A state assesses both the local and international environment in a context that ensures it has a thorough understanding of them. It gives the state the options it has in a specific area, for example trade policy, international hostility or industrial policy. In theory and practice, foreign policy broadly covers all issues related to how the state acts as an actor in international affairs. on its activities based on the multiple objectives that a state has set and plans to implement during a given period associated with a certain political system. Given the nature of foreign policy, objectives may be contradictory and the state may be forced to implement them according to their priorities. A country's interests are directly linked to its social, economic and political well-being. It is important for a state to determine and consider the options available to it and assess the impact of each outcome on its national interests. The ability to effectively implement a decision to achieve desired outcomes is an objective that is carefully evaluated and in the phase where a state considers whether or not to adopt a given approach. The state has the power to implement these decisions at different levels of power. government, either individually or through IGOs, transnational organizations, the third sector. Primarily, most democracies and systems of government advance their foreign policy agendas through the executive arm of their government structures. These actors are at the heart of international politics because they are the ones who are actively involved right up to the execution stages. They are responsible for communicating decisions, initiating the diplomatic means by which foreign policy is achieved. The institution acts independently but can involve legislative bodies or Congress on sensitive issues. The executive role is exclusively the responsibility of the ministry usually responsible for foreign affairs or state matters, in partnership with the departments with which foreign policy affects. Once the one who implements foreign policy decides on the path that aState must follow, it determines whether it will succeed or not. The complexity of states as political organizations presents a network of subnational actors in the foreign policy domain and typically many Sometimes these internal actors possess majority influence over their international behavior. Many democracies exercise sovereignty through elected representatives in rulers, legislative councils, interest groups, and the public. Collectively, they craft the ideals that underpin their engagement in global affairs. All this is presented in cases where a state is strongly independent and its internal affairs are not compromised. Recently, the trade deficits of the United States and China have been part of the contextual issues in presidential debates. In pursuit of the national interests of the state, foreign policy is the means by which the ideals set to help a nation fulfill its obligations are achieved and, as such, must clearly reflect the values ​​and principles upheld by a state. .As a national policy, it helps foreign policy makers understand the objectives and formulation of images, attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that a state aims to demonstrate to its international actors. Various factors affect the choice of policy goals and objectives. Richard C. Sneider, HW Bruck, and Burton Sapinn (1962) describe the range of factors that affect choice using a concept they call "situational definition." Despite the wide range of elements that shape foreign policy, it can be argued that traditional factors are slowly losing their influence in emerging contemporary foreign relations that are intensifying due to widespread globalization, highly possible in a wave of high levels of communication technology, the personality and character of the leaders responsible for formulating policies, the general state of the situation. The international environment, types of government systems and the capacity to implement these policies are some of the traditional factors that shape these policies. Globalization is slowly changing the role played by the general structure of international systems. The foreign policy of States must be largely influenced by international actors or the climate. In a sense, the degree of sovereignty is being taken away from states and replaced by intergovernmental organizations that act as groups bound by treaties and agreements of allegiance. Ideology is the powerful new force at the center of this international influence on foreign policy. The Cold War period divided ideologues on the right and the left: although capitalists and communists were traditionally ideologies emanating from individual states, they became global forces that influenced a new class of foreign policy. Countries loyal to the capitalists took an approach manufactured into the replica version of the capitalist nation, while the same applied to those attracted to the communist camp. The new foreign policy class that emerged from this era revolutionized the way international actors shaped a state's foreign policy. Through persuasion, aid, and inducement, the USAUSSR influenced internal systems, particularly those of Third World countries. Intense lobbying for alliances has revealed the unquestioned influence of the international community on how domestic issues respond to foreign policy. This is a dangerous path because sovereignty is compromised for the benefit of economically powerful states. They have the upper hand to make it happentheir interests. Sovereignty leads weak states to fall victim to collisions with giant economies. Vietnam is an example where conflicting interests can lead to the breakup of countries due to conflict that escalated into a violent civil war. This has in some cases led to the intervention of international actors who have helped restore peace and prosperity to communities, as is the case in South Sudan. However, in economies like India and China, their economic progress is helping to further increase domestic influence. The emergence of a new generation of leaders in these countries who advocate greater independence and a more local foreign policy is helping to restore this sovereignty. However, this new independence gives them the opportunity to more independently analyze an approach that favors them more in terms of securing their national interests instead of previously serving interests that benefit other actors more than themselves- same. In short, they are able to propose more approaches that harvest or protect their interests better than before. In this new configuration, it is adapted to a more responsive and focused model that serves India's interests. The international systems factor has had a major influence, particularly in the post-Cold War era. From issues of trade, security, human rights, democracy to government systems, globalization of culture, freedom markets and the rise of terrorism have transformed even sovereign states into a global village model in which the degree of sovereignty is minimal. The level of connectivity of these states is so high that they can only maintain their independence while maintaining broad consultations with their partners and other actors. Globalization, even if it has not been correctly declared, has removed the independence of each state in its decisions, initiatives and execution of its foreign policy. The European Union is an example of the inevitable need for economies to harmonize some of their foreign policy decision-making bodies. This led to an approach whereby, although made up of individual states, they unified their foreign policy decision-making bodies to maintain one body capable of helping them develop a similar foreign policy on trade, security , crisis response and international issues. The security threat of terrorism has played an important role in the new class of internationalism that further threatens the foreign policy sovereignty of states. Today, countries are grouped into alliances such as NATO, which, although dominated by strong powers, is nonetheless an organization with high coercive power among its members. The identity of these intergovernmental organizations proves how the international environment is slowly replacing national influence in foreign affairs. Foreign policy as a nationally prepared phenomenon within states is slowly evolving into a new kind of foreign policy as an international phenomenon. . It can be argued that the main sectors which are affected or contribute to shaping foreign policy are slowly dissolving into a global atmosphere which, in addition to slowly shifting the focus from national to regional interests with respect to geographical positions, l political ideology, treaties and agreements or free market. National influence may be rapidly losing to international systems as key players, but they are also on the rise in other giant regional blocs. It is important..