-
Essay / Sustainable development in concrete production
Sustainable development in concrete productionAccording to the Ministry of the Environment (Environ, 2007), sustainable development is defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the capacity future generations to meet their needs. own needs”. For example, the use of sustainable concrete in future developments leads to a more durable and economical structure, with significant environmental benefits. Concrete, a crucial material in building construction, is the most produced material in the world. However, the production of Portland cement, an essential ingredient of concrete, involves energy-intensive processes, which result in significant CO2 emissions (calcium carbonate + heat = calcium oxide + carbon dioxide) (Ecocem, 2001). The global cement industry is responsible for about 7 percent of all CO2 emissions and about 4 percent of global warming (Ecocem, 2001). Each year, approximately one ton of concrete is poured for every man, woman and child (West, 2013). To date, approximately 7.2 billion people inhabit the planet, with a projected population of approximately 9 billion by 2040 (CSO, 2013). Therefore, global concrete placement stands at approximately 7.2 billion tonnes, with an expected usage of 9 billion tonnes. Such quantities of concrete require large quantities of natural resources for the production of aggregates and cement. Figure 1 Typical composition of concrete (De Brito and Saikia, 2012). Cement production is growing at about 3 percent per year. A cubic meter of concrete requires approximately 280 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3 of cement clinker (West, 2013), with a CO2 footprint of approximately 0.96 t for each tonne of cement clinker produced (Ecocem, 2001) . Therefore, global CO2 emissions for cement production...... middle of paper ......(1), 81-89.Soroushian (2012) “Towards widespread use of recycled glass concrete on the MSU campus” available [online]>http://www.bespartangreen.msu.edu/content/documents/soroushian_brief_field_investigation_of_concrete_incorporating.pdf>accessed March 7, 2014Topcu, IB and Canbaz, M. (2004). Properties of concrete containing glass waste. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(2), 267-274. Turgut, P. and Yahlizade, ES (2009). Search for concrete blocks with glass waste. Int J Environ Sci Eng, 1(4), 202-208. Wang, HY and Huang, WL (2010). A study on the properties of fresh self-compacting glass concrete (SCGC). Construction and Building Materials,24(4), 619-624.Warp (2012) “Landfill bans-Feasibility Research” available [online]>Whttp://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Landfill %20Bans%20Feasibility%20Research%20Final%20Report%20Updated.pdf> Accessed March 6 2014.