Problem 1: MemoryThe NHS has recognized that many errors have occurred in care homes due to failures in central executive memory function (short term) in patients with dementia. The NHS has asked for advice on possible interventions to help improve this type of memory and an overview of the theory behind this memory. They also want to know how the effectiveness of the intervention would be measured. Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) working memory model will be used to explain this effect. Dementia is a chronic disorder of mental processes caused by a brain disease such as Alzheimer's disease or an injury such as a stroke. The most common symptoms associated with dementia include memory loss and difficulty thinking (Barry, 2002: 238-9). However, people will experience different symptoms depending on which part of the brain is damaged and will therefore experience dementia differently (Goldsmith 2002: 168). In the UK, around 800,000 people over the age of 65 have dementia; however, 17,000 people in the UK developed dementia before the age of 65 (Alzheimer's Society 2013: 2-3). Baddeley and Hitch (1974) coined the theory of working memory, suggesting that working memory is not a unitary memory. It consists of a central executive; this controls the flow of information to and from the two subsystems: the phonological loop (processing spoken and written material) and the visuo-spatial sketchpad (stores and processes information in a visual form). The central executive (CE) constitutes the most important part of the model. Kensinger et al () suggested that working memory in Alzheimer's disease is reduced and that this reduction was due to semantic memory; which is the ability to understand and recognize words. This model critiques and replaces the...... middle of paper ......6.• Smokowski, PR, Kopasz, KH (2005) School bullying: an overview of types, effects, family characteristics and intervention strategies. Children and Schools, 27 (2), 101 – 110.• Tajfel, H., Billig, M., Bundy, R.P., Flament, C. (1971) “Social categorization and intergroup behavior.” » European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178. • Zimbardo, PG, Gerrig, RJ (1999). Psychology and life – 15th edition. USA. Addison Wesley World Student Series. 774. Referencehttps://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-school-bullyinghttp://www.nspcc.org.uk/inform/research/briefings/school_bullying_pdf_wdf73502.pdfhttp://ac.els- cdn.com/S0197455613001317/1-s2.0-S0197455613001317-main.pdf?_tid=7d207488-ba75-11e3-8374-00000aab0f26&acdnat=1396450132_d35d6fb2df0ed03cb 3e5a04d38d04fbchttp://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/verbal-bullying.html