After World War II, American intelligence needed to be transformed. Inexperience, bureaucracy, and poor coordination among U.S. intelligence officers forced the U.S. intelligence community to change dramatically in order to deal with new challenges that emerged after the end of World War II. From America's beginnings until World War I, the intelligence system of the United States of America was involved in operations in which it had to build intelligence systems virtually from scratch (Andrew 1995 ). Human intelligence was already developed, but with certain limitations, and other intelligence disciplines were underdeveloped and very rarely sophisticated. After World War I, America withdrew and settled into a period of peace. The United States faced no security threats from its neighbors or powers outside the Western Hemisphere (Lowenthal 2006). This caused a visible absence of intelligence activities, leaving America out of sight of any international conflict; the United States of America has concentrated and limited its activities beyond its own borders. In the following years, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, America moved quickly to reactivate its military forces, moving from a passive country to full participation in another international conflict; Second World War. As a result, the United States engaged in activities aimed at improving its intelligence system and increasing its capabilities necessary to seriously confront future Cold War threats. For the American intelligence community, George Washington is considered the father of intelligence. The introduction of the concept of intelligence and its application in certain missions in early America helped America's founding fathers succeed against middle of paper......lins Publisher, 1995.donmar.org. The growth of American intelligence between the wars. http://donmar.org/6911rgm/crypto.htm (accessed March 5, 2011). Erickson, Ryan. History of American Intelligence: Revolution-First World War. November 10, 2008. http://ryanerickson.com/2008/11/10/history-of-us-intelligence-revolution-wwi/ (accessed March 2, 2011). Hughes-Wilson, John. Military intelligence errors and cover-ups. New York: Carrol & Graff Publishers, 1994. Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006. McCormick, James M. American Foreign Policy. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2010. Prados, John. Safe for Democracy The CIA's Secret Wars. Chicago, IL: Ivan R Dee, editor, 2006. Richelson, Jeffrey T. The American Intelligence Community. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2008. Schmitt, Abraham N. Shulsky Gary J. Silent Warfare. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, Inc., 2002.