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  • Essay / History of Economic Thought

    “John Stuart Mill Wouldn’t Let That Happen” Say No to Plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay The 19th-century British economist John Stuart Mill is primarily recognized in modern economics and philosophy for two reasons. He refined the utilitarian principles established by Jeremy Bentham and reaffirmed the priority of individual freedom and self-determination in the face of majority incursions in democratic societies (Buchholz, 1990). Yet one part of Mill's contribution has been largely overlooked: his call for legal and social equality for women in an 1861 volume titled The Subjection of Women. This work is especially important and relevant in the current era of President Trump, when women's rights are once again being undermined and eroded. This article will argue that, based on his advocacy for women's suffrage, if he were alive today, F Mill would also advocate for women's right to choose. Even before the start of his presidency, the efforts of President Trump and his appointees to undermine access to birth control have been relentless. At the start of the third presidential debate, Trump came out strongly against abortion. He claimed that if elected he would appoint only pro-life justices to the Supreme Court and that Roe v. Wade would “automatically” be canceled. While that's not how the Supreme Court works, Trump made it clear that his agenda would then leave it up to "states to make a decision" on the issue. During an interview with MSNBC during his presidential campaign, Trump remarked that “there has to be some form of punishment (TPMTV, 2016)” for women who seek abortions. With this rhetoric, it is no surprise that anti-choice activists feel emboldened by Donald Trump's presidency to attack women's health and rights. Trump has also appointed a large number of abortion rights opponents to key administration positions. A good example is Scott Lloyd, who, as director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement, prevented young immigrant women in federal custody from having abortions (ACLU, 2018). Regardless of one's personal opinion, Trump's appointees and their actions could put reproductive health care out of reach for millions of women, especially those living in poverty. During his term, Trump has taken steps that restrict women's right to choose by limiting access. to a full range of family planning options. In January 2017, Trump reinstated and expanded the Mexico City Policy, also known as the Global Gag Rule (GGR). This policy prevents foreign organizations receiving U.S. funds for international family planning from providing information, referrals, or services for legal abortion or advocating for access to abortion services in their country – even with their own money (Planned Parenthood, 2018). Reinstating the GGR was on the list of rules, regulations and executive orders that the Freedom Caucus, a group of the most conservative House Republicans, requested from the new administration during the first 100 days of Trump's term (Member's Office of Congress Mark Meadows, 2016). “When Trump came to power, it was thought he would sign a version of the global gag order because it was just a ping-pong policy, a policy that overthrew every administration,” a former official said of the American government. “What was a surprise was the massive expansion of the GGR. And how quickly it was done” (Center For HealthAnd Gender Equity, 2018). Trump's GGR is more expansive and restrictive than any previous version of the policy, impacting not only reproductive health programs but all areas of global health service delivery funded by the U.S. government. Foreign NGOs now face an untenable choice: either stop carrying out abortion-related activities or lose their American funding. These organizations have been forced to limit essential services ranging from HIV prevention and maternal health to gender-based violence and nutrition. This is just the beginning of the far-reaching impacts of GGR. Marie Stopes International, an international non-governmental organization providing contraception and safe abortion services in countries around the world, believes that due to the loss of funding and the resulting cessation of services under Under Trump's GGR, 1.6 million women will lose access to contraceptives from a trained MSI provider each year (MSI, 2017). Additionally, from 2017 to 2020, cuts to related programs, and their impact on clients, are projected to result in: 6.5 million unintended pregnancies; 2.2 million abortions; 2.1 million unsafe abortions; 21,700 maternal deaths; $400 million in direct health care costs (World Health Organization, 2008). The ripple effect of President Trump's policy decisions, no matter how motivated, will negatively impact the international community of women seeking support, resources, and assistance regarding many facets of their health. A series of policies promoted by the Trump administration have also had serious impacts on women's lives. reproductive rights at the national level as well. Two rules issued in October 2017 seriously undermined the Affordable Care Act's birth control benefits by allowing virtually any boss to deny coverage to employees based on a religious or moral objection. The first rule created an exemption based on religious beliefs and the second created an exemption based on moral beliefs. At the same time, the Justice Department issued guidance to federal agencies encouraging a dangerously broad interpretation of religious freedom laws that threatens to open the door to discrimination against LGBT people , women and religious minorities (Sessions, 2017). This creates huge loopholes allowing employers to deny women contraceptive coverage, a benefit that is otherwise guaranteed by law. The rules undermine the Affordable Care Act's guarantee of copay-free birth control coverage. The contraceptive advantage had allowed women to choose any contraceptive method approved by the Food and Drug Administration for free. Since it took effect in 2012, it is estimated that women have saved more than $1 billion on birth control pills alone thanks to the ACA in 2013. This has given women more power to make decisions about their life, their family and their future. are you thinking about these steps? Let's first look at the problem at hand. The debate over women's control over their reproductive choices consists of two parts. The first being the right of women to equal treatment. The second is the involvement of the government in the choices of its citizens. Mill wrote extensively on the subject of women's equality. He lived in a time when women were subordinate to men by law and custom. They had to get married, raise children and devote themselves to their family. In most cases, they could not.