2.2 Elements Considered in a CourtyardAn extensive study of courtyards around the world indicates that distinctive features are affected by the elements they use. Therefore, the elements of a courtyard are highly dependent on the region and geographical factor as well as culture and tradition. In arid regions, depending on the space, a courtyard can incorporate a fountain or plants because these elements can produce water vapor to make the air cooler and less dry. On the contrary, this tropical region might not find the suitable elements because it would only increase the temperature and humidity by trapping heat and humidity. The selection of plants and materials used for classes in Malaysia will differ from those used in Morocco. In the latter case, the use of marbles and mosaics for the decoration would integrate into its environment. In Malaysia, however, wood and stone would be a more appropriate choice of materials that would harmonize with the surrounding environment (Drake 2009: 9). The water element is essential in the Islamic landscape. Al-Bayati (1983:123) expressed that “In design, water is like a magnet that polarizes space. » This quote brings the meaning that in the open spaces of the Muslim community; hydraulic structures can be a focal point. This feature remarkably balances soft vegetation and hard building materials. Islamic courts in different regions use materials depending on the resources available in that particular area. Although the materials may vary, they all had a distinct similarity in patterns, placement, texture and function (Lehrman, 1980: 69). The smoothness of a sidewalk can provide comfort, but its slippery nature can then be annoying. On the contrary, a rough paving stone may seem captivating, but if it is too solid, the whole yard is...... middle of paper ......r Lord - for them there are rooms, au- above them chambers built on height, under which rivers flow. to flow. [This is] the promise of Allah. Allah does not break [His] promise. » And mentioned further in the Quran (18:31): “Those will have gardens of perpetual residence; rivers will flow beneath them. There they will be adorned with gold bracelets and wear green clothes of fine silk and brocade, reclining on ornate sofas. Good is the reward, and good is the resting place. » This verse described the pavilions built for cool enjoyment and as a place of pleasure. The pavilions are raised and built above running water from where a good view of the gardens can be had (Brookes, 1987). The courtyard, an enclosed garden, becomes a defined space, encircling within it a total reflection of the cosmos where the same concept applied to paradise (Brookes, 1987).