John Anthony Burgess Wilson was born on February 25, 1917 in Manchester, England. He was raised by this aunt and later by his stepmother. He attended Xaverian College and the University of Manchester, where he studied English language and literature. During the Second World War, Burgess served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. In 1942 he married Llwela Isherwood Jones, who died of alcoholic cirrhosis in 1968. Burgess taught at the University of Birmingham, worked for the Department of Education and was a teacher at Banbury Grammar School from 1946 to 1950. His first novel, A Vision of Battlement, was published in 1965. In 1954, Burgess became responsible for education in Malaysia and Brunei. He wrote his first trilogy Time For A Tiger (1956), The Enemy In The Blanket (1958) and Beds In The East (1959). The work “juxtaposed the gradual disintegration of an unfortunate civil servant and the birth of Malay independence”(). Burgess later returned to England and was diagnosed with a brain tumor and given twelve months to live. Burgess actively wrote novels and reviews so that the money could support his wife. However, the doctor made a mistake; Burgess did not have a tumor. The author lived another 33 years, producing more than fifty books and magazines. Between 1960 and 1964, Burgess wrote eleven novels. The Wanting Seed (1962) “depicts an overpopulated England of the future, caught in the alternating cycles of libertarianism and totalitarianism” ( ). In 1962, he wrote his most famous novel, A Clockwork Orange, which made him famous as a satirical novelist. In 1971, the novel was adapted into a film by Stanley Kubrick. The novel was "born out of the growth of teenage gangs and the universal application of B.F. Skinner's behavioral theories in prisons, asylums, and psychiatric clinics" ( ). In 1968, Burgess wrote a humorous novel entitled Enderby (1968), which "follows the travels of a nonconformist poet in England and the Continent" ( ). In 1968, Burgess married an Italian "countess" ( ). In 1972, he was named literary advisor to the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis. Burgess published thirty books in the 1970s and 1980s, including The Earthly Powers (1980), "which is considered by many critics to be Burgess' finest novel. It was narrated by a successful 81-year-old gay writer, Kenneth Toomey, a character loosely based on W. Somerset Maugham.” ( ).