During the rise of the Cold War, President Dwight D. Eisenhower spent most of his second term dealing with foreign policy. He partially supported the policy of containment and the need to halt the advance of communism. Alongside President Eisenhower was Secretary of State John Foster Dulles who significantly influenced American foreign policy during the Cold War. He favored a "new look" to threaten the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Although he was a staunch anticommunist, Dulles thought Truman's policy of containment was too passive. His new policy stated that if the communist powers pushed the United States to the brink of war, they would have to reconsider because of the United States' nuclear superiority (Newman). “Dulles also advocated a brinkmanship in which the United States would “undertake certain efforts to prevent a significant further expansion of Soviet power, even at the risk of war” (“Did Eisenhower New Look…”). Eisenhower wanted to change American strategic policy. in a way that would not waste so much money imposing high taxes on Truman's military buildup ("Institute for Strategic Studies"). Truman's strategy hurt the economy and, to some extent, failed to deliver on his containment promises. President Eisenhower's solution was the "New Look" policy, which would still maintain the same goal of helping allies, but defending them with nuclear weapons rather than armed forces. This policy was fully implemented on January 12, 1954, by John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State, in a speech to the Council on Foreign Relations. He said: "Now the Department of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff can shape our military establishment to fit our policy, instead of having... middle of paper... a war. The goal of this policy was to prevent the Cold War and maintain a healthy economy by spending less money on ground forces and increasing air forces and nuclear production. Furthermore, nuclear weapons would become a vital threat of “massive retaliation” against the Soviet Union and the Republic of China. Massive retaliation would become a way for the United States to retain and protect its allies and also form new friendships. This policy saved money while keeping the nuclear threat proportional to what it would have been with a superior military. Strategies such as brinkmanship have been used to convince the enemy of the United States' willingness to use nuclear weapons. However, the policy was risky and inflexible for the communist powers who caught up with America's massive retaliation, which left America in a less than safe state after the policy..