It is essential for the human body that the heart pumps enough nutrient-rich blood to the cells of the body, because otherwise the body will not be able to function normally. When a heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's regular demand, it is called heart failure. Heart failure can usually be treated with conventional cardiac therapies and symptom management strategies. However, conventional therapies do not work for all patients with heart failure. This is what is described as advanced heart failure or end-stage heart failure. In other words, “end-stage” heart failure occurs when the disease becomes so severe that all conventional treatments no longer work. The only treatment that works for end-stage heart failure is to have a heart transplant to remove a person's diseased heart and replace it. with a healthy heart from a deceased donor. However, this treatment poses two major problems. The first problem is that the patient is subject to a lack of availability of donor organs and therefore possible further decompensation and potential death while awaiting transplantation. According to the American Heart Association, there are more than 500,000 new cases of end-stage heart failure in the United States each year. With only 2,200 donor hearts available each year, nearly 20 to 30 percent of patients die while waiting for a transplant. The second problem with this mode of treatment is that not all patients are eligible for a heart transplant. Patients who have another disease in addition to end-stage heart failure are not eligible for a heart transplant. The gap between the clinical need for donor hearts and the total number of hearts available, as well as the lack of treatment...... middle of paper ......the best material for this application The future of The total artificial heart when it comes to the use of polyurethanes comes in the form of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), also known as polyurethane elastomers which have molecular structures similar to those of human proteins. TPUs have slower absorption of proteins (protein absorption is the beginning of the blood clotting process), which makes TPUs ideal candidates in the manufacturing of the total artificial heart, as they offer greater strength of grip and imitate certain elements of the body. Therefore, biomedical polyurethanes may pave the way to eliminate some acute health problems that the total artificial heart currently faces. Due to their diversity of properties, polyurethanes and their new applications will continue to play an important role in the future of the total artificial heart...