Patients presented with hippocampal lesion formations associated with severe anterograde amnesia. The study found that the severity of the hippocampal injury determined whether or not patients developed amnesia. This is associated with Leonard's injury, for Leonard to suffer from anterograde amnesia, the attacker must have hit him hard enough in the head to cause damage to the hippocampus and frontal lobe. In the scene where Leonard attacks the attackers, he is hit in the front of the head, thus explaining the damage to the frontal lobe and the amplified damage to the hippocampus, located in the center of the head..