Neuroticism contrasts with the other personality traits in the Five-Factor Model of personality (openness, agreeableness, extraversion, contentiousness, and neuroticism). An individual with a high level of any of the other four traits could hardly be considered pathological. For example, high levels of agreeableness, within reason, would likely be considered a positive and healthy characteristic. However, the neuroticism debate is certainly taking a darker turn. Gunthert, Cohen, and Armeli (1999), in their study, operationally defined neuroticism as a predisposition to experience negative affect (negative emotional systems). Lahey (2009) defines it slightly differently, as the tendency to “react with negative emotions to threat, frustration, or loss.” More generally, the personality trait is characterized by anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability (Cervone and Pervin, 2010). Neuroticism has critical implications outside of personality psychology. Some researchers suggest that neuroticism is significantly correlated with physical and mental health problems, more so than any other personality trait variable. This increased risk does not only concern a particular group of pathologies; neuroticism has been associated with Axis I and Axis II disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) across the board (Lahey, 2009). In some studies of job performance, negative affect was negatively related to job performance (Kaplan, Bradley, Luchman, & Haynes, 2009). This can be extrapolated to highly neurotic individuals, as this trait is a predisposition to experiencing negative affect. Research on daily stress and coping has shown that ...... middle of article ...... positive and negative affectivity in job performance: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 162-176. doi:10.1037/a0013115Lahey, BB (2009). Importance of neuroticism for public health. American Psychologist, 64(4), 241-256. doi:10.1037/a0015309 Perkins, AD & Corr, PJ (2005). Cognitive abilities as a buffer against neuroticism: Churchill's secret weapon? . Personality and Individual Differences, 40 (0191-8869), 39-51. Tamir, M. and Robinson, M.D. (2004). Knowing right from wrong: The paradox of neuroticism, negative affect, and evaluative processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), 913-925. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.913 Watson, D. & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Health complaints, stress and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96(2), 234-254. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.234