1. Hydrogen Economy1.1 IntroductionCoal, oil and natural gas have been at the forefront of powering the world since the industrial revolution. Whether this energy is used for new technologies, transportation or energy, the threat that fossil fuels pose to the environment is colossal. The availability of energy to the masses is the main dominant challenge of the 21st century and is driven by the ever-increasing global population and industrialization of developing countries (Crabtree, Dresselhaus, Buchanan, n.d.). The world's reserves of fossil fuels are only available in certain regions of the world and are becoming increasingly difficult to extract. This is where hydrogen and the proposal for a hydrogen economy come in. The main components of the hydrogen economy are its use as a transportation fuel, stationary energy, and energy storage. There are a few methods for generating hydrogen; this could come from steam reforming, carbon gasification, biofuels or water electrolysis. This replacement of fossil fuels requires much more research before it can meet the energy supply needed to power the world. Developing hydrogen into a major energy source requires rapid investment due to the unpredictability of when fossil fuels run out and the economic power some countries have on these fuels. 1.2 Sustainable energy for the future Nowadays, fossil fuels are classified as unsustainable because they are likely to run out in the near future and the waste they produce, greenhouse gases, cannot be absorbed by nature. The path forward for future generations is through sustainable energy, which has seen recent advancements such as solar power, hydropower and geothermal. These are all...... middle of paper ...... new techniques are on the rise and should be researched in the near future, especially in the automobile industry with biofuels and electric cars making great works. Kaarstad, O, and Kowal, M, Decarbonization of fossil fuels: Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier, [presented at the CO2 Conf., Boston/Cambridge, MA, 1997, published in Energy Conversion Management, vol. 38, Suppl., pp. 431-436. Bossel, U., 2006. Does a hydrogen economy make sense? Proc. Ieee 94, 1826-1837.Crabtree, Dresselhaus, Buchanan, nd The Hydrogen Economy20.Fueleconomy, nd Hydrogen [WWW Document]. Fueleconomy.gov. URL https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hydrogen.shtmlInstitute, G., London, IC, Clark, D., 2012. What is the “hydrogen economy”? The Guardian.Why a hydrogen economy doesn't make sense [WWW Document], nd URL http://phys.org/news85074285.html (accessed 3.9.14).