The Affirmative Action Plan can be used immediately. Affirmative action refers to admissions policies that provide equal access to education to historically excluded or underrepresented groups, such as women and minorities. For example, in April 2003, Barbara Grutter, a white resident of Michigan, applied to law school at the University of Michigan with a GPA of 3.8 and an LSAT score of 161 and was rejected due to l the university's interest in having “a critical mass of students”. from minority groups. » There was speculation about Miss Grutter's livelihood, the reporter said Miss Grutter was one of the poor and faculty members felt she was of no use to the law school. University of Michigan. Although the university felt like it was providing opportunities to students by letting them know that their university is equally open to everyone, it was noted that one student was not admitted due to her varying circumstances. The court did what seemed appropriate and did not see a positive use of the mission statement, and required the University of Michigan to change its