The Manchu Conquest of China was a long period of warfare between the Qing dynasty in Manchuria and the Ming dynasty to the south; However, Beijing first fell to a rebel army led by Li Zicheng, a former minor Ming official, who became the leader of the peasant revolt and then established the Shun dynasty in Xi'an. Dorgon, who is a Manchu prince, and Wu Sangui fought a bottle of Shanhai Pass against Li Zicheng. After that, Dorgon's father Hong Taiji founded the Qing Dynasty and became the Chongde Emperor. After Hong Taiji's death in 1643, his ninth son Fulin ascended the throne as the Shunzhi Emperor. During the reign of Emperor Wanli, Ming was in a chaotic state no matter the political, military, social or natural conditions. The centurarian governors were corrupt. Enjoying the trust of the Wanli Emperor, the eunuchs were extraordinarily powerful and; some of them had more influence than government officials. Some officials wanted to be promoted so as to collude with the eunuchs to let them delay or intercept the throne memorial, which is detrimental to them, so that the emperor does not know the real situation they are facing. Additionally, the government was poor after the battles of Ningxia, Korea, and Panzhou; the emperor decided to add taxes to support the financial crisis. Yet the late Ming dynasty faced extremely cold climate and drought; there was a lack of food for the huge population of the previous prosperous generation. It is said that at that time, people had neither food in their mouths nor clothes on their bodies. Therefore, many people have become bandits to survive and support their families, which has become one of the most important problems. In the face of such chaos, the people who formed the basis of the entire country came together. T...... middle of paper ......zheng and Qianlong, which was a period of great prosperity in the Qing dynasty. However, the Manchu conquest of China also had bad consequences. Centralization was strengthened, particularly under the reign of Emperor Yongzheng. Countless people died during the war and the population declined sharply. In the cultural field, the Manchus ordered the Han Chinese to change their hairstyles. To suppress the people who declared to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, the Qing emperors practiced the Literary Inquisition which ruined the trend of ideological enlightenment. In total, Li Zicheng usurped and ruled China for only one year. Known as a "horseback nationality", the Manchus defeated Li Zicheng's army at the Shanhai Pass and founded the Qing Dynasty. Since then, China has gradually returned to prosperity, although it has also hindered the ideological freedom of citizens..