IntroductionRepetition, better known as "staying behind", "repeating", or "being held back", refers to the practice of returning a student to a grade level particular for a certain time. the following year after having completed a full school year at this level. (Wu et al, 2010). The objective of this article will be to answer the research question “What are the effects of grade repetition?” » based on high schools in the United States of America. Statistically, with up to 15% of all U.S. students dropping out each year and 30-50% at least once before ninth grade, the retention rate has increased by about 40% over the past 20 years ( Wu et al, 2010). ). This article will give the reader an overview of the effects of grade retention on academic performance, socialization, and how it eventually leads to school dropout. A number of scientific articles will be used to achieve this. Academic Performance Students most likely to perform better academically are those who are less rejected and more accepted by their peers. In other words, retained students performed poorly academically (Wu et al, 2010). Retention in class (McCoy & Reynolds, 1999) is a consistent predictor of low reading and math achievement. Additionally, because grade retention is a particular risk factor, retained students are less likely to arrive at school prepared with books, homework, and school supplies or to arrive at school on time (Stearns et al., 2007). Additionally, compared to children held back between grades 4 and 8, children held back between kindergarten and 3rd grade were more likely to experience a decline in academic achievement. Furthermore, unlike non-retained children, retained children have...... middle of paper ......ing school repetition and its effects on self-esteem. REFERENCES Jimerson, S.R. (2002). Winning the battle and losing the war: examining the relationship between grade retention and school dropout. Psychology in Schools, 39(4), 441-457. McCoy, AR and Reynolds, AJ (1999). Grade retention and academic achievement: an in-depth investigation. Journal of School Psychology, 37(3), 273-298. Stearns, E. and Glennie, E. J. (2006). When and why dropouts leave high school. Youth and Society, 38(1), 29-57. Stearns, E., Moller, S. Blau, J., & Potochnick, S. (2007). Staying behind and dropping out: the relationship between repeating a year and dropping out of school. Sociology of education, 80, 210-240. Wu, W., West, S.G., & Hughes, J.N. (2010). Effect of first year repetition on psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(1), 135-152.