In chapter two of Utilitarianism, Mill argues that "motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action...He who saves a fellow man from drowning does what is morally right, whether his motive is duty, or the hope of being paid for his trouble; he who betrays the friend who trusts him is guilty of a crime, even if his aim is to serve another friend to whom he has greater obligations” (Mill 16). Through this statement, Mill establishes the concept of consequentialism, thereby changing the ethics of an act. If one saves a man from drowning with the intention of saving him, the act is ethical. On the other hand, if one saves a man from drowning with the intention of killing him, the act is therefore unethical. In opposition to Kant's ethical theory, Mill's theory defends the assertion that consequences affect a person's ethics.