IntroductionSoftware testing is a process to improve the quality of software, because error-free, user-friendly and customer-satisfying software is considered high-quality software . It is an essential part of software development in providing a quality software product, i.e. without bugs. Software testing is the process of developing or calculating a system or components of a system to determine whether it meets specified requirements or to identify the difference between expected and actual results. It is also defined as a process in which the business and technical requirements of the product are validated and verified accordingly. It is important that software testing is done carefully and efficiently for deployment to maintain. • Testing can be performed by an organization independent of developers, providing an objective perspective and avoiding developer bias. • Test cases can be designed as soon as the specifications are complete.Disadvantages• Only a small number of possible inputs can be tested and many program paths will not be tested.• Without clear specifications, which is the case in many projects, test cases will be difficult to design.• Testing may be redundant if the software designer/developer has already executed a test case. • Have you ever wondered why a soothsayer closes his eyes when predicting events? This is almost the case in black box testing. 1.2.2 White box testing It is also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, clear box testing and structural testing. It is a software testing method that tests the internal structures or operation of an application, as shown in Figure 1.4 [43]. Figure 1.4 White-box testingIn white-box testing, an internal perspective of the system, along with programming skills, is used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to step through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, for example in-circuit testing (ICT). White box testing can be applied at the unit, integration, and system levels of the software testing process. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during system-level analysis.