The Pleistocene epoch spanned from 1.8 million years ago to 10,000 years ago [1]. Many genera and even species such as conifers, mosses, flowering plants, insects, molluscs, birds and mammals from this era still survive today [1]. Others, such as the long-horned bison, saber-toothed cats, giant ground sloths, and mammoth, did not survive [1]. The woolly mammoth was commonly found during the last ice age [2]. These animals were similar in size to today's elephants, but were adapted to live in the extremely cold conditions typical of an ice age.[2] Mammoths had narrower skulls, shorter tails, and smaller ears than elephants, and they were protected by a thick layer of coarse hair that secreted oils and insulated them from the cold.[2] Mammoths also had tusks that they used to clear snow in their search for food.[2] Mammoths became extinct around 4,000 years ago after their numbers began to decline around 10,000 years ago [2]. Mammoth fossils have been discovered on every continent except South America and Australia [2]. It is unclear what exactly led to the mammoth's extinction [2]. Some of the current theories about their extinction include climate change, meteorites or comets, and predation by humans [2]. The most recognized reason for the mammoth's demise is that as the Earth warmed, the climate became too much for mammoths to handle ever since. they had evolved in a cold environment [2]. It is also possible that global climate change led to the extinction of some of the plants vital for supplying minerals to the mammoth, which in turn led to the extinction of the mammoth [2]. Researchers also found evidence of an asteroid hitting Earth that may have caused massive climate change... middle of paper ...... species and other species will begin to disappear [13]. Other researchers believe that the return of the mammoth and other extinct species will increase conservation efforts [4]. They argue that by creating more species that need a home, people will be driven to preserve land where they can survive [4]. In fact, a nature reserve covering an area of ​​sixty square miles has already been created in Siberia in the hope that it will one day soon be inhabited by mammoths.[4] While society may not yet be ready for the revival of creatures that died out thousands of years ago, technology certainly has that goal in its sights. As cloning and genome sequencing techniques still need to be perfected, this will give opponents time to come to terms with the researchers' aspirations. After all, it seems that sooner or later, mammoths will return to Earth..