1. Explain the main principles of the Koeppen system for climate classification. List the detailed classifications for Turkey and give your opinion on these classifications in light of the weather factors and climate controls that affect them. As a practical matter, present annual plots of monthly temperature and precipitation at two contrasting climatological stations in Türkiye and discuss your results. (Dr. İsmail Yücel; 35 points).Wladimir Koeppen developed the first quantitative climate classification in 1900. Koeppen's system was based on the principle that plants integrate several climatic elements. Koeppen fitted the isolines of temperature and precipitation data to the five vegetation groups identified by the French botanist De Candolle, which were based on the climatic zones of late Greece: (1) A, the torrid zone plants; (2) C, plants of the temperate zone; (3) D and E, glacial zone (no plants); (4) B, for plants in the dry zone. Koeppen added sequential letters to account for humidity (precipitation), for better description of maximum and minimum temperatures, for seasonal distribution of precipitation (Sanderson, 1999), and for special features such as fog incidence .B Climatic Zone – Dry Zone: Can be seen in steppe and desert fields. This area has more evaporation than precipitation. While the precipitation level is between 100 mm. at 700mm. in steppe fields, it is between 50 mm. at 350mm. on the deserts. If annual precipitation is less than 50% of this threshold, the classification is BW (desert climate); if it is between 50 and 100% of the threshold, the classification is BS (steppe climate). A third letter may be included to indicate the temperature. The letter h means a low latitude climate with an average annual temperature in the middle of paper......either dry, while we look for dry summers and wet winters and always constant precipitation. Another problem concerns the third letter, because the hottest month does not exceed 22°C. As a result, the Artvin region is a good example for Cfb.Nur Ceren ÇAKMAKESS 507 – 1476290References• Wikipedia ansiklopedi (25.4.2014). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification• Klimatoloji Şube Müdürlüğü (nd) « İklim Sınıflandırmaları » Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Kalaba, Ankara, Türkiye• Michael Pidwirny (2011) « Köppen Climate Classification System » Source: NOAA• Turkish State Meteorological Service (27.4.2014). Retrieved from http://www.mgm.gov.tr/iklim/iklim-siniflandirmalari.aspx#sfU• G. Sparovek, Q. De Jong Van Lier and D. Dourado Neto (2006) “Computer-aided Koeppen climate classification » INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Wiley InterScience