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Essay / Essay on the Role of Women in the Odyssey - 1492
Homer's Odyssey effectively demonstrates the many societal roles played in Greek culture by emphasizing the expectations of both sexes, particularly those of women. Two main factions of women, ranked according to their different levels of prestige, are used to represent different ancient Greek women. The lower level is that of the mortal woman, divided into sovereign women like Penelope and ordinary women like housekeepers. The next level is that of the immortal goddess, ranging from the famous Pallas Athena to nymphs and witches like Circe and Calypso. Even though women occupy a different place in society compared to men, they assume an undeniable area of influence and power, which primarily drives society. The maids play a role of servitude in the poem. The expectations of these women range from handling the rude behavior of suitors to adhering to the daily demands of Penelope and Telemachus. During the years when the suitors moved into the royal household, many maids slept with them. On one of Odysseus' first nights in Ithaca, he remains "sleepless, his mind racing with thoughts of how to punish the suitors" (20:7-8). What he sees next is the women coming out of their rooms to sleep with the suitors, laughing and laughing. He feels his chest tighten and wonders whether he should “kill them all” or “let them have one last time with those arrogant bastards” (20:9-16). We are reminded of this after Odysseus kills the suitors and orders Telemachus and two shepherds to force the maids to clean up his bloodbath and kill them. Telemachus says: "I will not allow a clean death for these women - / The sluts of the suitors - who have heaped reproaches / On my own head and on that of my mother" While there are kings, veterans and important sailors who all play different roles in history, I would say that men are not as differentiated in society as women. The theme of women dominating the action in the story is furthered by the complex relationships of Athena, Penelope, Calypso, and Circe with the male protagonists. Without Athena's leadership, Telemachus would likely not show his dominance over the suitors or take the initiative to search for his father as he does. Without Penelope's allegiance to Odysseus, Odysseus might consider his many options to stay with new women and never return to Ithaca. Without the obstacles of Circe and Calypso, it would be more difficult for Odysseus to show his attributes of loyalty and intelligence. This interaction makes the epic more stimulating. Women occupying different societal roles hold unquestionable power in Greek society, impossible to control.