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Essay / Comparing Descartes' Meditations on Early Philosophy...
In the field of philosophy, there can be many answers to a general question, depending on a particular philosopher's views on the subject. Often the answer remains undetermined. In the broad sense of the term and also stated in the dictionary, philosophy can be described as the pursuit of human knowledge and human values. There are many different people with many different theories of knowledge. Two such people, also philosophers, that this article will delve into are Descartes and Plato. Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy and Plato's Republic are the topics that will be discussed in this article. In Meditations, Descartes questions everything he believes because it is human nature to believe what is false. He states that most of what he believes comes from the senses and that these senses can often be deceived. His conclusion of doubting everything is based on his example of a basket of apples. It happens as follows; you have a basket of apples but you are worried that some apples will go bad and you don't want them to rot the others, so you throw all the apples out of the basket. Now that the basket is empty, carefully examine each apple and return the correct apples to the basket. This is what he does with his beliefs, he follows and only keeps the beliefs he is sure of. Our beliefs as a whole must be rejected, and then each individual belief must be carefully examined before we can accept it. We should only accept beliefs that we deem good. Descartes realizes, however, that we cannot reject all beliefs because they are part of us, unlike apples. If beliefs were not part of us, we would have no basis for finding out what they really are. Descartes also believed that we must look for the uniqueness of an object without relying on sensory perception. The views of Plato and Descartes are similar in many ways and also different in many ways. According to Plato, we see shadows and not real objects. To be a philosopher, one must strive to see the object and what makes it unique. You also need to be able to see the idea of the object. According to Descartes, we must also find the uniqueness of the object through reason, but his approach differs. He questions what he considers to be uncertain and rebuilds his knowledge base with himself as the basis. Plato does not seek to doubt his beliefs, but rather to expand knowledge of them. The goals of Descartes and Plato are the same, trying to achieve the Good or God, but their means are different..