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Essay / Interacting Populations: The Blue Crab versus the...
Coastal communities are not only popular homes for vacationers and shore-dwelling humans across America, but they are also popular among many many other organizations sharing this community. According to the 2013 U.S. Census, 53% of Americans reside in the 673 coastal counties. The report notes that human population densities in coastal neighborhoods are approximately 300 individuals per square mile, while inland neighborhoods have a population density of approximately 100 individuals per square mile (reference). The increase in human population in these areas increased income, ultimately making these communities more economically profitable. While an increase in income is economically beneficial for these coastal communities, the increase in human population also comes with some disadvantageous costs. First, tourism and construction aimed at strengthening coastal communities destroy habitats and leave less room for the region's native species to thrive. Unfortunately, this leaves many endangered species and other species on the brink of extinction. Another overwhelming human activity is the overexploitation of marine animals through fishing to supply local restaurants and markets. Not only do these activities endanger the many animals that reside in these coastal habitats, but they also endanger vegetation and land, ultimately altering the natural fluidity of ecosystems. An organism particularly threatened by non-environmentally friendly human behavior is the Calinectus sapidus, more commonly known as the blue crab. The blue crab is widespread in warmer climates and the species occurs from Nova Scotia to the eastern seaboard of the United States. Its range extends from Bermuda to the Gulf of ...... middle of paper ...... apita birth rate. The expression εV represents the per capita birth rate of owls due to the availability of necessary resources. According to this model, population levels of prey and predators oscillate over time, with predator species lagging behind prey species. This model can be used to examine how predatory species, namely the blue crab, can interact and maintain balance with the prey. species, being the marsh periwinkle, to ultimately restore the quality of cordgrass on the southern coasts of the United States. By adopting the Lotka-Volterra model, the new model would be denoted dS/dt = αS - γSC = (α - γC) S, dC/dt = -δC + εCS = (-δ + εS) C, where S and C represents the swamp periwinkle and blue crab species, respectively. The constants α, γ, δ and ε are defined using the same rules that apply to the original Lotka-Volterra model.